Source code for colour.utilities.array

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""
Array Utilities
===============

Defines array utilities objects.
"""

from __future__ import division, unicode_literals

import numpy as np

from colour.constants import EPSILON

__author__ = 'Colour Developers'
__copyright__ = 'Copyright (C) 2013 - 2015 - Colour Developers'
__license__ = 'New BSD License - http://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause'
__maintainer__ = 'Colour Developers'
__email__ = 'colour-science@googlegroups.com'
__status__ = 'Production'

__all__ = ['as_numeric',
           'closest',
           'normalise',
           'steps',
           'is_uniform',
           'in_array',
           'tstack',
           'tsplit',
           'row_as_diagonal',
           'dot_vector',
           'dot_matrix']


[docs]def as_numeric(x): """ Converts given :math:`x` variable to *numeric*. In the event where :math:`x` cannot be converted, it is passed as is. Parameters ---------- x : object Variable to convert. Returns ------- ndarray :math:`x` variable converted to *numeric*. See Also -------- as_stack, as_shape, auto_axis Examples -------- >>> as_numeric(np.array([1])) 1.0 >>> as_numeric(np.arange(10)) array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]) """ try: return float(x) except TypeError: return x
[docs]def closest(y, x): """ Returns closest :math:`y` variable element to reference :math:`x` variable. Parameters ---------- y : array_like Variable to search for the closest element. x : numeric Reference variable. Returns ------- numeric Closest :math:`y` variable element. Examples -------- >>> y = np.array([24.31357115, ... 63.62396289, ... 55.71528816, ... 62.70988028, ... 46.84480573, ... 25.40026416]) >>> closest(y, 63) 62.70988028 """ return y[(np.abs(np.array(y) - x)).argmin()]
[docs]def normalise(x, axis=None, factor=1, clip=True): """ Normalises given *array_like* :math:`x` variable values and optionally clip them between. Parameters ---------- x : array_like :math:`x` variable to normalise. axis : numeric, optional Normalization axis. factor : numeric, optional Normalization factor. clip : bool, optional Clip values between in domain [0, 'factor']. Returns ------- ndarray Normalised :math:`x` variable. Examples -------- >>> x = np.array([0.48224885, 0.31651974, 0.22070513]) >>> normalise(x) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS array([ 1. , 0.6563411..., 0.4576581...]) """ x = np.asarray(x) maximum = np.max(x, axis=axis) x *= (1 / maximum[..., np.newaxis]) * factor return np.clip(x, 0, factor) if clip else x
[docs]def steps(distribution): """ Returns the steps of given distribution. Parameters ---------- distribution : array_like Distribution to retrieve the steps. Returns ------- ndarray Distribution steps. Examples -------- Uniformly spaced variable: >>> y = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) >>> steps(y) array([1]) Non-uniformly spaced variable: >>> y = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 8]) >>> steps(y) array([1, 4]) """ return np.unique([distribution[i + 1] - distribution[i] for i in range(len(distribution) - 1)])
[docs]def is_uniform(distribution): """ Returns if given distribution is uniform. Parameters ---------- distribution : array_like Distribution to check for uniformity. Returns ------- bool Is distribution uniform. Examples -------- Uniformly spaced variable: >>> y = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) >>> is_uniform(y) True Non-uniformly spaced variable: >>> y = np.array([1, 2, 3.1415, 4, 5]) >>> is_uniform(y) False """ return True if len(steps(distribution)) == 1 else False
[docs]def in_array(a, b, tolerance=EPSILON): """ Tests whether each element of an array is also present in a second array within given tolerance. Parameters ---------- a : array_like Array to test the elements from. b : array_like The values against which to test each value of array *a*. Returns ------- ndarray A boolean array with *a* shape describing whether an element of *a* is present in *b* within given tolerance. References ---------- .. [1] Yorke, R. (2014). Python: Change format of np.array or allow tolerance in in1d function. Retrieved March 27, 2015, from http://stackoverflow.com/a/23521245/931625 Examples -------- >>> a = np.array([0.50, 0.60]) >>> b = np.linspace(0, 10, 101) >>> np.in1d(a, b) array([ True, False], dtype=bool) >>> in_array(a, b) array([ True, True], dtype=bool) """ a = np.asarray(a) b = np.asarray(b) d = np.abs(np.ravel(a) - b[..., np.newaxis]) return np.any(d <= tolerance, axis=0).reshape(a.shape)
[docs]def tstack(a): """ Stacks arrays in sequence along the last axis (tail). Rebuilds arrays divided by :func:`tsplit`. Parameters ---------- a : array_like Array to perform the stacking. Returns ------- ndarray See Also -------- tsplit Examples -------- >>> a = 0 >>> tstack((a, a, a)) array([0, 0, 0]) >>> a = np.arange(0, 6) >>> tstack((a, a, a)) array([[0, 0, 0], [1, 1, 1], [2, 2, 2], [3, 3, 3], [4, 4, 4], [5, 5, 5]]) >>> a = np.reshape(a, (1, 6)) >>> tstack((a, a, a)) array([[[0, 0, 0], [1, 1, 1], [2, 2, 2], [3, 3, 3], [4, 4, 4], [5, 5, 5]]]) >>> a = np.reshape(a, (1, 1, 6)) >>> tstack((a, a, a)) array([[[[0, 0, 0], [1, 1, 1], [2, 2, 2], [3, 3, 3], [4, 4, 4], [5, 5, 5]]]]) """ a = np.asarray(a) return np.concatenate([x[..., np.newaxis] for x in a], axis=-1)
[docs]def tsplit(a): """ Splits arrays in sequence along the last axis (tail). Parameters ---------- a : array_like Array to perform the splitting. Returns ------- ndarray See Also -------- tstack Examples -------- >>> a = np.array([0, 0, 0]) >>> tsplit(a) array([0, 0, 0]) >>> a = np.array([[0, 0, 0], ... [1, 1, 1], ... [2, 2, 2], ... [3, 3, 3], ... [4, 4, 4], ... [5, 5, 5]]) >>> tsplit(a) array([[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]]) >>> a = np.array([[[0, 0, 0], ... [1, 1, 1], ... [2, 2, 2], ... [3, 3, 3], ... [4, 4, 4], ... [5, 5, 5]]]) >>> tsplit(a) array([[[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]], <BLANKLINE> [[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]], <BLANKLINE> [[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]]]) """ a = np.asarray(a) return np.array([a[..., x] for x in range(a.shape[-1])])
[docs]def row_as_diagonal(a): """ Returns the per row diagonal matrices of the given array. Parameters ---------- a : array_like Array to perform the diagonal matrices computation. Returns ------- ndarray References ---------- .. [1] Castro, S. (2014). Numpy: Fastest way of computing diagonal for each row of a 2d array. Retrieved August 22, 2014, from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/26511401/numpy-fastest-way-of-computing-diagonal-for-each-row-of-a-2d-array/26517247#26517247 # noqa Examples -------- >>> a = np.array([[0.25891593, 0.07299478, 0.36586996], ... [0.30851087, 0.37131459, 0.16274825], ... [0.71061831, 0.67718718, 0.09562581], ... [0.71588836, 0.76772047, 0.15476079], ... [0.92985142, 0.22263399, 0.88027331]]) >>> row_as_diagonal(a) array([[[ 0.25891593, 0. , 0. ], [ 0. , 0.07299478, 0. ], [ 0. , 0. , 0.36586996]], <BLANKLINE> [[ 0.30851087, 0. , 0. ], [ 0. , 0.37131459, 0. ], [ 0. , 0. , 0.16274825]], <BLANKLINE> [[ 0.71061831, 0. , 0. ], [ 0. , 0.67718718, 0. ], [ 0. , 0. , 0.09562581]], <BLANKLINE> [[ 0.71588836, 0. , 0. ], [ 0. , 0.76772047, 0. ], [ 0. , 0. , 0.15476079]], <BLANKLINE> [[ 0.92985142, 0. , 0. ], [ 0. , 0.22263399, 0. ], [ 0. , 0. , 0.88027331]]]) """ a = np.expand_dims(a, -2) return np.eye(a.shape[-1]) * a
[docs]def dot_vector(m, v): """ Convenient wrapper around :func:`np.einsum` with the following subscripts: *'...ij,...j->...i'*. It performs the dot product of two arrays where *m* parameter is expected to be an array of 3x3 matrices and parameter *v* an array of vectors. Parameters ---------- m : array_like Array of 3x3 matrices. v : array_like Array of vectors. Returns ------- ndarray See Also -------- dot_matrix Examples -------- >>> m = np.array([[0.7328, 0.4296, -0.1624], ... [-0.7036, 1.6975, 0.0061], ... [0.0030, 0.0136, 0.9834]]) >>> m = np.reshape(np.tile(m, (6, 1)), (6, 3, 3)) >>> v = np.array([0.07049534, 0.10080000, 0.09558313]) >>> v = np.tile(v, (6, 1)) >>> dot_vector(m, v) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS array([[ 0.0794399..., 0.1220905..., 0.0955788...], [ 0.0794399..., 0.1220905..., 0.0955788...], [ 0.0794399..., 0.1220905..., 0.0955788...], [ 0.0794399..., 0.1220905..., 0.0955788...], [ 0.0794399..., 0.1220905..., 0.0955788...], [ 0.0794399..., 0.1220905..., 0.0955788...]]) """ return np.einsum('...ij,...j->...i', m, v)
[docs]def dot_matrix(a, b): """ Convenient wrapper around :func:`np.einsum` with the following subscripts: *'...ij,...jk->...ik'*. It performs the dot product of two arrays where *a* parameter is expected to be an array of 3x3 matrices and parameter *b* another array of of 3x3 matrices. Parameters ---------- a : array_like Array of 3x3 matrices. b : array_like Array of 3x3 matrices. Returns ------- ndarray See Also -------- dot_matrix Examples -------- >>> a = np.array([[0.7328, 0.4296, -0.1624], ... [-0.7036, 1.6975, 0.0061], ... [0.0030, 0.0136, 0.9834]]) >>> a = np.reshape(np.tile(a, (6, 1)), (6, 3, 3)) >>> b = a >>> dot_matrix(a, b) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS array([[[ 0.2342420..., 1.0418482..., -0.2760903...], [-1.7099407..., 2.5793226..., 0.1306181...], [-0.0044203..., 0.0377490..., 0.9666713...]], <BLANKLINE> [[ 0.2342420..., 1.0418482..., -0.2760903...], [-1.7099407..., 2.5793226..., 0.1306181...], [-0.0044203..., 0.0377490..., 0.9666713...]], <BLANKLINE> [[ 0.2342420..., 1.0418482..., -0.2760903...], [-1.7099407..., 2.5793226..., 0.1306181...], [-0.0044203..., 0.0377490..., 0.9666713...]], <BLANKLINE> [[ 0.2342420..., 1.0418482..., -0.2760903...], [-1.7099407..., 2.5793226..., 0.1306181...], [-0.0044203..., 0.0377490..., 0.9666713...]], <BLANKLINE> [[ 0.2342420..., 1.0418482..., -0.2760903...], [-1.7099407..., 2.5793226..., 0.1306181...], [-0.0044203..., 0.0377490..., 0.9666713...]], <BLANKLINE> [[ 0.2342420..., 1.0418482..., -0.2760903...], [-1.7099407..., 2.5793226..., 0.1306181...], [-0.0044203..., 0.0377490..., 0.9666713...]]]) """ return np.einsum('...ij,...jk->...ik', a, b)